As an example, consider a person riding a bicycle, with the person acting like the electric motor. If that person tries to trip that bike up a steep hill in a gear that is made for low rpm, he or she will struggle as
they attempt to maintain their balance and achieve an rpm which will permit them to climb the hill. However, if they shift the bike’s gears right into a velocity that will produce a higher rpm, the rider could have
a much easier period of it. A continuous force can be applied with smooth rotation being offered. The same logic applies for commercial applications that want lower speeds while maintaining necessary
torque.
• Inertia matching. Today’s servo motors are generating more torque relative to frame size. That’s due to dense copper windings, lightweight materials, and high-energy magnets.
This creates greater inertial mismatches between servo motors and the loads they are trying to move. Using a gearhead to raised match the inertia of the engine to the inertia of the strain allows for utilizing a smaller motor and outcomes in a more responsive system that is easier to tune. Again, that is achieved through the gearhead’s ratio, where the reflected inertia of the load to the engine is decreased by 1/ratio2.
Recall that inertia is the measure of an object’s level of resistance to change in its motion and its function of the object’s mass and form. The greater an 
object’s inertia, the more torque is required to accelerate or decelerate the thing. This implies that when the load inertia is much bigger than the engine inertia, sometimes it can cause extreme overshoot or enhance settling times. Both conditions can decrease production collection throughput.
On the other hand, when the engine inertia is bigger than the load inertia, the motor will require more power than is otherwise essential for this application. This improves costs since it requires having to pay more for a engine that’s larger than necessary, and since the increased power consumption requires higher operating costs. The solution is to use a gearhead to complement the inertia of the electric motor to the inertia of the strain.
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